This determination is made by the application program. For example, in Figure 2.16, examples of programs that use TCP include FTP, TELNET, FINGER, SMTP, and POP. Similarly, examples of programs that ...

The network layer transfers user messages from a source host to a destination host. In TCP/IP, the heart and soul of this layer is the Internet Protocol, which is the IP of TCP/IP. IP receives data ...

The processing in a network protocol that provides the starting ... For example, email, Web browsing and video streaming applications reside at layer 7. See TCP/IP and OSI model.

Note that the IP protocol number is not the same as the port number (see TCP/IP port), which refers to a higher level, such as the application layer. Following are some of the common IP protocol ...