The network layer transfers user messages from a source host to a destination host. In TCP/IP, the heart and soul of this layer is the Internet Protocol, which is the IP of TCP/IP. IP receives data ...

Note that the IP protocol number is not the same as the port number (see TCP/IP port), which refers to a higher level, such as the application layer. Following are some of the common IP protocol ...

This determination is made by the application program ... What is important to understand here is that TCP/IP has two different transport layer protocols TCP and UDP. TCP is connection-oriented and ...

The processing in a network protocol that provides the starting ... For example, email, Web browsing and video streaming applications reside at layer 7. See TCP/IP and OSI model.

Internet protocols, such as UDP, TCP, IP, ARP, BGP and IGMP, are used as examples to demonstrate how internetworking is realized. Applications such as electronic mail and the WWW are studied.